buffer some signal with small window size to make it a frame, multiply it with a classic window [1], apply the FFT on this windowed frame, this results in a vector with each value (called bin, typically of 2^N of them) correspond to the power within a frequency band β¦ you can do some test with some sine waves.
I found this application note [2] interesting for what you want to do !
For e.g. one could use the online tone generator at [3] or even the Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) tones ! could be a nice application too for the Spark core !
Furthermore, the MSGEQ7 chip [4] from Mix-Sig is doing this with filters β¦