Re: Old hologram SIM, I was going to mention that if you see +CEREG: 2,3
repeatedly you are being rejected by the network and likely the SIM is not activated. It seems like your SIM is still active though (since you can use it on other devices), so possibly you are being rejected for too many connection attempts recently with that IMEI+ICCID combo (like a temp ban). Perhaps give it 24 hours to cool down and try again briefly to see if it has resolved itself.
I’d be interested to know what the AT+CGDCONT= command being used on the Arduino MKR NB 1500 is as well as there might be some subtle difference here that makes it work with that SIM specifically.