Your Argon needs a bit more power than you’re currently giving it. Try powering it with something in the 3.6V to 5.5V range and let me know if you have any further issues.
Which Boron? If it’s a 2G/3G it will need 2A by itself so there won’t be 500 mA left over for the Argon and you’d need a 2.5A power supply.
Other than that, presumably there’s a loss of voltage. That cable does not seem particularly long. If it’s a standard 26 AWG cable that should be fine, but if you have a thin or flat cable, that could be as small as 32 AWG, which is probably too small.
Ideally, if you have an oscilloscope you could see what the power is doing. Adding a large capacitor at the Argon VUSB may help.
If it’s a Boron 2G/3G you need to use the power manager to reset the maximum input current. The default is 900 mA, which is not enough to power a Boron 2G/3G without a battery.
If it’s a Boron LTE, if that’s not working by itself, you may want to try a different power supply because a 2A power supply should be enough to power the Boron LTE without a battery.