Check out the Beaglebone Black or pcDuino. You want something capable of CSI (Camera Serial Interface) which are dedicated MIPI (differential high speed serial interface) and I2C ports designed to interface with camera modules. This is what's used in most cell phones, the Raspberry Pi, Beaglebone, etc.
Like I said in the other thread, you can use a UART camera to snap a single picture and email it, but it will take 15 to 30 seconds for it all to happen.
To clarify: Snapping a single picture and uploading it = completely doable; streaming realtime video = not going to happen.