I had only a very cursory glance over the LS2208 info I found, so I cannot completely say what voltage levels this device uses.
You'd probably need to find the exact electrical specs in the full datasheets.
However, when there only is a USB connector on the device I'd suspect 5V which would probably be directly usable with the Photon, as its RX/TX pins are 5V tolerant and the 3.3V output on the TX will usually suffice to constitute a HIGH level even with 5V logic.
The P2 on the other hand has not 5V tolerant GPIOs and hence would need 5V/3.3V shifting.
There should be some datasheet with that scanner that gives some indication how to put that device into RS232 mode, what the default baudrate and protocol (e.g. 8N1) would be.