What display type to use (LCD, TFT, OLED, eInk, ...)

All TFTs will have that "issue", since this is the way they produce the picture - by filtering white light which shines through the actual display from behind, but don't reflect (hardly) any ambient light - hence you can't see anything with backlight off.
OLEDs would be actively producing light in each pixel and hence don't need backlighting.
ePaper/eInk displays mainly rely on reflecting ambient light where some of them also feature back lighting.
And then there are so-called transflective displays which mainly work like TFTs but also allow for some ambient light to enter the display and reflect the image, but these are not common as shields.

But you can control the backlight just like that. Add a photo sensor that dims the backlight when it gets darker, have some idle timer that switches the backlight off when not in use and back on when the user interacts.
And if you choose to have a mainly black image most of the backlight will be filtered out anyway (depending on the quality of the display)