Sorry for not responding for a couple days, I was on vacation w/out a computer.
After coming back and trying a couple things, I realized that it might be because I was running the node.js code on a Linux chroot on my chromebook, and the chroot might be messing things up somehow. Sure enough, installing GalliumOS and dual-booting instead of using a chroot fixed the issue, and now I can ping and transfer data.
There’s another issue now where some of the data sent doesn’t show up correctly, but I made a new topic for that here.