It might be possible to get the Black Magic debugger to work, but a far easier solution is to use a generic CMSIS/DAP debugger, widely available and inexpensive on Amazon, eBay, or AliExpress. That's essentially what the Particle Debugger is, and you can use the same configuration as for the Particle Debugger.
Also the Tracker SoM itself doesn't have a debugging connector. It needs to be present on the base board. The Monitor One and Tracker SoM eval board do have the 5x2 debugging connector. The Tracker One carrier board has the connector footprint, but it's not populated.