If the number you're passing as a string might be larger than INT_MAX, you could use the C function strtoul() which converts c-strings to an unsigned long.
int functionHandler(String cmd) {
uint32_t value = strtoul(cmd.c_str(), NULL, 10);
Serial.printlnf("value is: %u", value);
return 1;
}
If your numbers aren't that large, then you can either use atoi() with a c-string, or the String function toInt() and just cast the result to a uint32_t.