Compiling C files error

Firmware Libraries
1

I’m trying to use the SPIFFS library which should be very easy but I have this error and I dont understand why.

if I leave the files with a .c extension, I get this error:

In file included from ./inc/application.h:29:0,
                 from ./inc/Particle.h:5,
                 from spiffs_config.h:16,
                 from spiffs.h:14,
                 from spiffs_hydrogen.c:8:
../system/inc/system_version.h:67:19: error: expected ':', ',', ';', '}' or '__attribute__' before '=' token
     uint16_t size = sizeof(SystemVersionInfo);
                   ^
In file included from ../wiring/inc/spark_wiring.h:38:0,
                 from ./inc/application.h:36,
                 from ./inc/Particle.h:5,
                 from spiffs_config.h:16,
                 from spiffs.h:14,
                 from spiffs_hydrogen.c:8:
../wiring/inc/spark_wiring_constants.h:31:23: fatal error: type_traits: No such file or directory
 #include <type_traits>
                       ^
compilation terminated.
make[1]: *** [../build/target/user/platform-6spiffs_hydrogen.o] Error 1
make: *** [user] Error 2

But as soon as I change all the file extensions from c to cpp it’s fine…

BTW I’m compiling with the cli with the command: particle compile photon c:\Spark\firmware\user\applications\spiffs

2

Anything that includes Particle.h or application.h usually needs to have a .cpp file extension. The files that eventually get included, like <type_traits> are C+±specific header files and won’t compile using the plain c compiler.

It’s possible to use plain .c files for library files that don’t need to use the Particle header files, but it’s often easier just to make everything .cpp files.

2 Likes
3

Ok good to know!

Thanks

4

In addition, if you’re getting the following errors, it’s because you need to rename your header files from *.h to *.hpp.
I don’t do a lot of C++ programming, so when I do, I prefer .h headers, but it will result in the following errors, which I couldn’t find in the forums anywhere. Maybe someone searching for these errors will see this and save some time in the future.

/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:42:40: error: 'EAFNOSUPPORT' was not declared in this scope
   address_family_not_supported =   EAFNOSUPPORT,
                                    ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:43:28: error: 'EADDRINUSE' was not declared in this scope
       address_in_use =     EADDRINUSE,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:44:34: error: 'EADDRNOTAVAIL' was not declared in this scope
       address_not_available =    EADDRNOTAVAIL,
                                  ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:45:30: error: 'EISCONN' was not declared in this scope
       already_connected =    EISCONN,
                              ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:46:35: error: 'E2BIG' was not declared in this scope
       argument_list_too_long =    E2BIG,
                                   ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:47:35: error: 'EDOM' was not declared in this scope
       argument_out_of_domain =    EDOM,
                                   ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:48:25: error: 'EFAULT' was not declared in this scope
       bad_address =     EFAULT,
                         ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:49:32: error: 'EBADF' was not declared in this scope
       bad_file_descriptor =    EBADF,
                                ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:55:25: error: 'EPIPE' was not declared in this scope
       broken_pipe =     EPIPE,
                         ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:56:31: error: 'ECONNABORTED' was not declared in this scope
       connection_aborted =    ECONNABORTED,
                               ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:57:42: error: 'EALREADY' was not declared in this scope
       connection_already_in_progress =   EALREADY,
                                          ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:58:31: error: 'ECONNREFUSED' was not declared in this scope
       connection_refused =    ECONNREFUSED,
                               ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:59:29: error: 'ECONNRESET' was not declared in this scope
       connection_reset =    ECONNRESET,
                             ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:60:30: error: 'EXDEV' was not declared in this scope
       cross_device_link =    EXDEV,
                              ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:61:40: error: 'EDESTADDRREQ' was not declared in this scope
       destination_address_required =   EDESTADDRREQ,
                                        ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:62:35: error: 'EBUSY' was not declared in this scope
       device_or_resource_busy =   EBUSY,
                                   ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:63:32: error: 'ENOTEMPTY' was not declared in this scope
       directory_not_empty =    ENOTEMPTY,
                                ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:64:35: error: 'ENOEXEC' was not declared in this scope
       executable_format_error =   ENOEXEC,
                                   ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:65:32: error: 'EEXIST' was not declared in this scope
       file_exists =            EEXIST,
                                ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:66:28: error: 'EFBIG' was not declared in this scope
       file_too_large =     EFBIG,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:67:30: error: 'ENAMETOOLONG' was not declared in this scope
       filename_too_long =    ENAMETOOLONG,
                              ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:68:35: error: 'ENOSYS' was not declared in this scope
       function_not_supported =    ENOSYS,
                                   ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:69:29: error: 'EHOSTUNREACH' was not declared in this scope
       host_unreachable =    EHOSTUNREACH,
                             ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:72:31: error: 'EIDRM' was not declared in this scope
       identifier_removed =    EIDRM,
                               ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:75:34: error: 'EILSEQ' was not declared in this scope
       illegal_byte_sequence =    EILSEQ,
                                  ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:76:45: error: 'ENOTTY' was not declared in this scope
       inappropriate_io_control_operation =  ENOTTY,
                                             ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:77:25: error: 'EINTR' was not declared in this scope
       interrupted =     EINTR,
                         ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:79:26: error: 'ESPIPE' was not declared in this scope
       invalid_seek =     ESPIPE,
                          ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:81:28: error: 'EISDIR' was not declared in this scope
       is_a_directory =     EISDIR,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:82:26: error: 'EMSGSIZE' was not declared in this scope
       message_size =     EMSGSIZE,
                          ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:83:26: error: 'ENETDOWN' was not declared in this scope
       network_down =     ENETDOWN,
                          ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:84:27: error: 'ENETRESET' was not declared in this scope
       network_reset =     ENETRESET,
                           ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:85:32: error: 'ENETUNREACH' was not declared in this scope
       network_unreachable =    ENETUNREACH,
                                ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:86:28: error: 'ENOBUFS' was not declared in this scope
       no_buffer_space =    ENOBUFS,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:87:29: error: 'ECHILD' was not declared in this scope
       no_child_process =    ECHILD,
                             ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:90:21: error: 'ENOLINK' was not declared in this scope
       no_link =     ENOLINK,
                     ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:93:30: error: 'ENOLCK' was not declared in this scope
       no_lock_available =    ENOLCK,
                              ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:96:33: error: 'ENODATA' was not declared in this scope
       no_message_available =    ENODATA, 
                                 ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:99:24: error: 'ENOMSG' was not declared in this scope
       no_message =     ENOMSG, 
                        ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:100:31: error: 'ENOPROTOOPT' was not declared in this scope
       no_protocol_option =    ENOPROTOOPT,
                               ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:101:31: error: 'ENOSPC' was not declared in this scope
       no_space_on_device =    ENOSPC,
                               ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:104:32: error: 'ENOSR' was not declared in this scope
       no_stream_resources =    ENOSR,
                                ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:107:37: error: 'ENXIO' was not declared in this scope
       no_such_device_or_address =   ENXIO,
                                     ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:109:37: error: 'ENOENT' was not declared in this scope
       no_such_file_or_directory =   ENOENT,
                                     ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:110:28: error: 'ESRCH' was not declared in this scope
       no_such_process =    ESRCH,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:111:28: error: 'ENOTDIR' was not declared in this scope
       not_a_directory =    ENOTDIR,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:112:26: error: 'ENOTSOCK' was not declared in this scope
       not_a_socket =     ENOTSOCK,
                          ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:115:26: error: 'ENOSTR' was not declared in this scope
       not_a_stream =     ENOSTR,
                          ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:118:27: error: 'ENOTCONN' was not declared in this scope
       not_connected =     ENOTCONN,
                           ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:122:27: error: 'ENOTSUP' was not declared in this scope
       not_supported =     ENOTSUP,
                           ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:126:31: error: 'ECANCELED' was not declared in this scope
       operation_canceled =    ECANCELED,
                               ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:129:34: error: 'EINPROGRESS' was not declared in this scope
       operation_in_progress =    EINPROGRESS,
                                  ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:130:35: error: 'EPERM' was not declared in this scope
       operation_not_permitted =   EPERM,
                                   ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:131:35: error: 'EOPNOTSUPP' was not declared in this scope
       operation_not_supported =   EOPNOTSUPP,
                                   ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:132:34: error: 'EWOULDBLOCK' was not declared in this scope
       operation_would_block =    EWOULDBLOCK,
                                  ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:135:24: error: 'EOWNERDEAD' was not declared in this scope
       owner_dead =     EOWNERDEAD,
                        ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:138:30: error: 'EACCES' was not declared in this scope
       permission_denied =    EACCES,
                              ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:141:28: error: 'EPROTO' was not declared in this scope
       protocol_error =     EPROTO,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:144:35: error: 'EPROTONOSUPPORT' was not declared in this scope
       protocol_not_supported =    EPROTONOSUPPORT,
                                   ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:145:34: error: 'EROFS' was not declared in this scope
       read_only_file_system =    EROFS,
                                  ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:146:41: error: 'EDEADLK' was not declared in this scope
       resource_deadlock_would_occur =   EDEADLK,
                                         ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:147:42: error: 'EAGAIN' was not declared in this scope
       resource_unavailable_try_again =   EAGAIN,
                                          ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:148:32: error: 'ERANGE' was not declared in this scope
       result_out_of_range =    ERANGE,
                                ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:151:34: error: 'ENOTRECOVERABLE' was not declared in this scope
       state_not_recoverable =    ENOTRECOVERABLE,
                                  ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:155:28: error: 'ETIME' was not declared in this scope
       stream_timeout =     ETIME,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:159:28: error: 'ETXTBSY' was not declared in this scope
       text_file_busy =     ETXTBSY,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:163:41: error: 'ENFILE' was not declared in this scope
       too_many_files_open_in_system =   ENFILE,
                                         ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:164:32: error: 'EMFILE' was not declared in this scope
       too_many_files_open =    EMFILE,
                                ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:165:28: error: 'EMLINK' was not declared in this scope
       too_many_links =     EMLINK,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:166:41: error: 'ELOOP' was not declared in this scope
       too_many_symbolic_link_levels =   ELOOP,
                                         ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:169:28: error: 'EOVERFLOW' was not declared in this scope
       value_too_large =    EOVERFLOW,
                            ^
/usr/local/gcc-arm/arm-none-eabi/include/c++/4.9.3/arm-none-eabi/armv7-m/bits/error_constants.h:172:32: error: 'EPROTOTYPE' was not declared in this scope
       wrong_protocol_type =    EPROTOTYPE
                                ^