Partially Solved:
I did a manual DFU-UTIL update with version 0.4.7 thanks to this post by @ScruffR. However, when I try to update to version 0.7.0 using either “Particle Update” on CLI or manual DFU-UTIL update, I am stuck in safe mode again.
Interestingly, Particle Console says the System Firmware is 0.4.7 but Particle Identify says it’s 0.7.0.