Hi again @jed
You should read the Dallas/Maxim app note in this earlier posting. In particular I recommend using the resistors shown and something like the FET pull-down in Appendix A. You are asking for a lot of capacitance to be driven by that IO pin.
You may also want to try slowing down the software side to give more time since a few of the pulses in your scope picture are pretty short.
Just for completeness, I think you might want to pick up a Maxim DS18b20 from DigiKey or Mouser, just to be sure you have an authentic part to test with.